823

John T. Morgan Grand Wizard KKK Signature

Currency:USD Category:Collectibles / Western Americana Start Price:10.00 USD Estimated At:100.00 - 150.00 USD
John T. Morgan Grand Wizard KKK Signature
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John Tyler Morgan (June 20, 1824 – June 11, 1907) was an American politician who was a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War and later was elected for six terms as the U.S. senator (1877–1907) from the state of Alabama. A prominent slaveholder before the Civil War, he became the second Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan in Alabama during the Reconstruction era. Morgan and fellow Klan member Edmund W. Pettus became the ringleaders of white supremacy in Alabama and did more than anyone else in the state to overthrow Reconstruction efforts in the wake of the Civil War. When President Ulysses S. Grant dispatched U.S. Attorney General Amos Akerman to prosecute the Klan under the Enforcement Acts, Morgan was arrested and jailed. Due to his notoriety in Alabama for opposing Reconstruction efforts, Morgan was elected as a U.S. Senator in 1876. During his subsequent six terms as Senator, he was an outspoken proponent of black disfranchisement, racial segregation, and lynching African-Americans. According to historians, he played a leading role "in forging the ideology of white supremacy that dominated American race relations from the 1890s to the 1960s." Widely considered to be among the most notorious racist ideologues of his time, he is often credited by scholars with laying the foundation of the Jim Crow era. In addition to his lifelong efforts to uphold white supremacy, Morgan became an ardent expansionist and imperialist during the Gilded Age. He envisioned the United States as a globe-spanning empire and believed that island nations such as Hawaii and the Philippines should be forcibly annexed for the country to dominate trade in the Pacific Ocean. He advocated for the United States to annex the independent Republic of Hawaii and to construct an inter-oceanic canal in Central America. Due to this advocacy, he was often posthumously referred to as "the Father of the Panama Canal" despite being a proponent of the Canal to be located in Nicaragua. Morgan was a staunch opponent of women's suffrage. After his death by heart attack in 1907, Morgan's numerous relatives remained influential in Alabama politics and high society for many decades. His nephew, Anthony D. Sayre, was President of the Alabama State Senate and an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama. As a white supremacist, Sayre served as the legal architect who laid the foundation for the state's Jim Crow laws, and his landmark 1893 Sayre Act disenfranchised black Alabamians for seventy years. Morgan's grand-niece was socialite Zelda Sayre, the neo-Confederate wife of novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald. Later in life, Zelda's views evolved from neo-Confederate beliefs toward an espousal of fascism.