417

JOHN F. KENNEDY

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JOHN F. KENNEDY

<b>417. JOHN F. KENNEDY</b>
<hr align=left size=5 width=33% color=#778899>(1917-1963). Thirty-fifth President of the United States (1961-63). After the CIA-sponsored Bay of Pigs invasion in mid-April 1961, the President took responsibility for the debacle. Three days after he announced the disaster to the nation, Kennedy appointed a board of inquiry headed by his military adviser General <b><font size=-1>Maxwell Taylor </font></b>(1901-1987) to investigate the failure and to consider whether the United States should conduct similar covert operations in the future. CIA Director <b>Allen Dulles</b> was also a member of the board. Kennedy also revived the Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board presided by MIT’s <b>James Killian</b>, Eisenhower’s scientific advisor on the U2s, to make an investigation of the organization of the American intelligence community from a technological standpoint. In May, General Taylor submitted the first of several reports. According to the conclusions reached in Taylor’s report, not fully declassified until 2000, was the “the impossibility of running Zapata [Bay of Pigs invasion] as a covert operation under CIA should have been recognized” as early as November 1960, five months before the invasion. Offered are two Typed Memoranda, 1p each, both dated July 10, 1961. Both are addressed to General Taylor on White House letterhead. The first, marked “Secret” at the top left margin, states in full, “<i>You will recall this Saturday we decided that we were going to ask for two reports on the CIA, one which would call for legislation and one which would not. We should try to get that as quickly as possible</i>.” Boldly signed “<i>John Kennedy</i>.” Taylor has penciled at right margin, “<i>Meeting of Killian Committee scheduled for July 18 reported to President 12 July 1961.</i>” Unsigned by Taylor. The second memo, signed “<i>JFK</i>,” requests, “<i>Would you talk to Allen Dulles about Fowler Hamilton and if he feels he is good would you ask</i> [Deputy Secretary of Defense, Roswell] <i>Gilpatric, who comes from New York to check on him. If all of the reports come up good arrange from to see him toward the end of this week</i>.” Taylor’s pencils annotation, also unsigned, in margin, “<i>Done. Reported orally 12 July</i>.” It is possible <b>Fowler Hamilton</b>, a Washington litigator who had held several important posts since the 1930s, was being considered for the directorship of the CIA. Though he was passed over for this position, on September 30 Kennedy named him as Administrator of the US Agency for International Development that provided economic and humanitarian aid to developing countries. Whether JFK fired Dulles for the Bay of Pigs fiasco or Dulles resigned as a result of it, the humiliated President had decided to reign in the CIA and had begun his search for a new CIA Director when these memos were generated. Initially favoring his brother Bobby, the President, surprisingly, named industrialist John McCone to replace Dulles in November.

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