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Greek coins. Syracuse. Tetradrachm ca 410-405, AR 17.26g.

Currency:CHF Category:Coins & Paper Money / Coins: Ancient Start Price:36,000.00 CHF Estimated At:45,000.00 CHF
Greek coins. Syracuse. Tetradrachm ca 410-405, AR 17.26g.
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Greek coins. Syracuse. Tetradrachm ca. 410-405, AR 17.26g. Fast quadriga driven l. by charioteer holding kentron and reins with both hands; bridle is falling loose from the further horse. Above, Nike flying r. to crown the charioteer. In exergue, ear of barley with stalk and leaf. Rev. SYP[A-K- OS - IWN] Head of goddess r., wearing double- hook earring ending in ram's head and necklace with pendant; hair bound with barley wreath and falling in waves over neck. Around, four dolphins. Tudeer 66. Jameson 841 (these dies). Rizzo pl. XLVIII, 1 (these dies). AMB 468 (these dies). Kraay-Hirmer pl. 39, 114 (this reverse die). Extremely rare, among the finest of very few specimens known. A magnificent portrait in fine classical style struck on sound metal with a pleasant iridescent tone. About extremely fine / good very fine. Beginning in about 430 B.C. the coinage at Syracuse was subject to continual change and experimentation, with this exciting trend reaching its apex by about the last decade of the 5th Century B.C. We find some extraordinary die engraving in this period, with many of the dies signed by their creators. This coin was struck with a pair of unsigned dies that was not shared with any other contemporary strikings. The workmanship is of great interest, especially with the representation of the goddess on the reverse: she is not the familiar Artemis-Arethusa of old, but at minimum a variant, and very likely Kore-Persephone, the daughter of Demeter. Tudeer, Rizzo and Robinson all describe her as Kore, whereas other scholars are less certain, including Kraay, who identifies her as Arethusa wearing barley. The change of the goddess–or at least her presentation–brings to mind a slightly earlier tetradrachm (Tudeer 46) from this period, which bears the head of a goddess wreathed in barley ears and poppy heads, who many accept as Kore-Persephone or Demeter. The scene on the obverse adopts conventions that had emerged at Syracuse in the previous decade, namely that Nike crowns the charioteer and the chariot scene is shown in full action and at a slight angle. The engraver has foreshortened elements of the design to show the driver struggling to lead his team into a turn. In this case the action is intense, with the heads of the horses tossing and one of the reigns having snapped from the driver's hand. Not long after this piece was struck, tetradrachm production ended at Syracuse, as did the issuance of other large- denomination coins, including silver decadrachms and gold. There must have been a sufficient quantity of these coins in circulation to support the economy for many decades, especially with the steady influx of Corinthian staters, Athenian tetradrachms and Siculo-Punic tetradrachms. Indeed, after the tetradrachm was abandoned at the mint of Syracuse, it would not be produced again there until the reign of Agathocles.