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Greek coins. Seleucid Syria, Cleopatra Thea. Tetradrachm 126-125, AR 15.72g.

Currency:CHF Category:Coins & Paper Money / Coins: Ancient Start Price:12,000.00 CHF Estimated At:15,000.00 CHF
Greek coins. Seleucid Syria, Cleopatra Thea. Tetradrachm 126-125, AR 15.72g.
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Greek coins. Seleucid Kings of Syria, Cleopatra Thea, 126–125. Tetradrachm, Ake-Ptolemais 126-125, AR 15.72g. Diademed, draped and veiled bust of Cleopatra Thea r.; all within border of reeds. Rev. BASILISSHS / KLEOPATRAS - QEAS / EUETHPIAS Double cornucopiae bound with fillet; in inner r. field, monogram and in lower field, IPR. Kraay-Hirmer pl. 207, 756. ACNAC Houghton 803. Newell, ANSNNM 84, 7 var. (different monogram). Seyrig Tresors II 30, 242 var. (different monogram). Kraay-Davis 114. Exceedingly rare, very few specimens known. Surface somewhat corroded, otherwise good very fine. Were it not for the arrangement of the reverse inscription in vertical columns–a typically Seleucid feature in this period–this tetradrachm of Queen Cleopatra Thea Eueteria ('goddess of plenty' or 'goddess of the fruitful season') could be mistaken at first sight for a Ptolemaic coin. The portrait is veiled, the queen's hair is presented in Isislike ringlets, and the reverse shows fruit-laden cornucopias bound with a diadem. All of these features reflect her Ptolemaic heritage and likely presage the political alliance she planned to forge with Ptolemy VII to remove her from dire straits. Cleopatra Thea, one of the most remarkable politicians of the 2nd Century B.C., held the distinction of being the daughter of the Egyptian king Ptolemy VI, a Seleucid queen herself, the wife of three Seleucid kings and the mother of three Seleucid kings. We may add to this list a passage in Polybius (39.7.6) that suggests she earlier had been engaged to her uncle Ptolemy VIII. This issue was struck late in Cleopatra's career, when she performed some of her most daring acts of self-preservation. By this time her first and third husbands were long dead, and she had become reunited with her second husband, Demetrius II, who had been restored to power after a long captivity in the Parthian court. Through a series of missteps against rivals, the kingdom of Demetrius II shrank until in 125 B.C. he was defeated outside Damascus by the usurper Alexander II. When Demetrius sought refuge in Ake-Ptolemais with his wife, she made the tough decision of refusing him entry. He then fled to Tyre, where he was executed. Holed up in Ake-Ptolemais as her rival Alexander II enjoyed a position of supremacy, Cleopatra boldly proclaimed her sole-reign, for which the only surviving evidence is an issue of tetradrachms bearing her portrait–such as the one offered here–which seem to have been produced at Ake with only two obverse dies. It was during this desperate time that Appian (Syriaca 11.68) says Cleopatra killed Seleucus V, her eldest son by Demetrius II, by shooting him with an arrow after he had claimed the throne without her permission. Then she solved her dilemma by raising Antiochus VIII, her other son by Demetrius II, as co-regent, by which she gained the allegiance of Ptolemy VIII against Alexander II. In reflection of the new arrangement, Cleopatra and her son issued a prolific series of coins showing the jugate heads of mother and son. After three years of uneasy co-rule, Alexander II was finally defeated in 122 B.C., leaving Cleopatra and her son–now 18 or 19 years old–in joint possession of the Seleucid throne. However, in the following year Cleopatra died of poisoning, ending her remarkable life and career. It is uncertain whether she died of a potion she had made for her son, and was consequently forced to drink, or if she was an unwitting victim, but in either scenario it was a deeply political act, and thus a fitting end for this Seleucid queen.