SOLD
1,000.00USD+ buyer's premium + applicable fees & taxes.
This item SOLD at 2013 Apr 20 @ 09:34UTC-7 : PDT/MST
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Autographs
1782 Edmond-Charles Genêt “Citizen Genêt” Writes To Representative Henry Laurens at Calais During Peace Talks
EDMOND-CHARLES GENET, “CITIZEN GENET” (1763-1834). 1782 French Chief of Foreign Affairs, who is best known as the Rabble-rousing First French Minister to the United States, 1793 and the “Citizen Genêt Affair”.
February 14, 1782-Dated, Autograph Letter Signed, “Genet” as “Chief of Foreign Affairs”. Edmond Genet was the scion of pre-Revolutionary French gentry. After an aristocratic upbringing and education, in 1781 Genet followed his father into the French Foreign Ministry at the extraordinary young age of 19. In November 1782, Henry Laurens received instructions from Congress to join Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, and John Adams in Paris to negotiate a Peace Treaty with the British, officially ending the American Revolutionary War.
This original Letter is dated in 1782, being boldly written deep rich brown ink, completely in French, Signed “Genet.” In this letter Genet has written to Henry Laurens, stating that he has just received a letter, which was just received, and that he (Genet) did not know that Laurens had already left. Also, that he has sent along a package under the care of Mr. Desridellier... “I will write to you at Calais with the attachment - Genet” while as Chief of Bureau of Foreign Affairs. It is an impressive looking, vivid and historic double paged letter, in overall choice quality, measuring 6” x 9” and appears to be docketed in the hand of Henry Laurens. The addressed outer panel has been removed from blank reverse second page outer leaf, not affecting the context or pages of this letter. It reads (to our best ability to translate French), in full:
“Monsieur - I have just received the letter you did me the honor to write the 10th this month and I hasten to let you know that not having been informed at all of your early departure I have sent ... under the care of my friend Mr. Moux ... the package that you await from Mr. Buidgou. I shall write to Mr. Henry Laurens at Mr. Pierre Userwood Calias.
Mr. Le Moux is to ask your address at Calais and I shall be at the ... of my ... if you ... and ... to give you the evidence attachment respectful with which I have the Honor - Sir - Your very humble and very obedient servant - Genet - Head Office of Foreign Affairs - 1782”
Henry Laurens succeeded John Hancock as President of the Second Continental Congress (1777-1778). Laurens also ran the largest Slave trading house in North America. In the 1750s alone, his Charleston, South Carolina Slave trading firm oversaw the sale of more than 8,000 Enslaved Africans. He was for a time, the Vice-President of South Carolina and a diplomat. During the Revolutionary War, in 1779 the Continental Congress sent Henry Laurens to negotiate a treaty with the Dutch. He left Philadelphia in August 1780 and was captured by the British off of Newfoundland. Laurens threw his papers overboard, but the British succeeded in fishing out a draft of the treaty. They charged Laurens with high treason and took him to England, where he was confined in the Tower of London from October 1780 until December 1781. Although the fifty six-year-old Laurens was taken seriously ill, the English officials gave him no medical attention. They charged him for all of his upkeep at the tower, even including the salaries of his warders (a common practice at the time). Laurens was placed in solitary confinement and was not allowed writing materials. Even so, he frequently managed to smuggle out letters to the American press. Laurens resisted the efforts of his British friends to bring him to their side, but at the same time he felt neglected by Congress. While in the tower he wrote two petitions to the English authorities that were considered too submissive by some Americans back home, including James Madison, who called for an annulment of Laurens’s diplomatic commission. Benjamin Franklin and the British statesman Edmund Burke fought to secure his release, and in December 1781 Laurens was freed in exchange for General Charles Cornwallis, who had surrendered to George Washington at York-town, Virginia. In November 1782 Laurens received instructions from Congress to join Franklin, Jay, and John Adams in Paris to negotiate a Peace treaty with the British. During this period Laurens was also acting as an “unofficial minister” from the United States to England, so he was ultimately not present when the final Peace treaty was signed on September 3, 1783.
The “Citizen Genêt Affair” began in 1793 when he was dispatched to the United States to promote American support for France's wars with Spain and Britain. Genêt arrived in Charleston, South Carolina on the warship Embuscade on April 8. Instead of traveling to the then-capital of Philadelphia to present himself to U.S. President George Washington for accreditation, Genêt stayed in South Carolina. There he was greeted with enthusiasm by the people of Charleston, who threw a string of parties in his honor.
Genêt's goals in South Carolina were to recruit and arm American privateers which would join French expeditions against the British. He commissioned four privateering ships in total: the Republicaine, the Anti-George, the Sans-Culotte, and the Citizen Genêt. Working with French consul Michel-Ange Mangourit, Genêt organized American volunteers to fight Britain's Spanish allies in Florida. After raising a militia, Genêt set sail toward Philadelphia, stopping along the way to marshal support for the French cause and arriving on May 18. He encouraged Democratic-Republican Societies, but President Washington denounced them and they quickly withered away. His actions endangered American neutrality in the war between France and Britain, which Washington had pointedly declared in his Neutrality Proclamation of April 22. When Genêt met with Washington, he asked for what amounted to a suspension of American neutrality. When turned down by Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson and informed that his actions were unacceptable, Genêt protested. Meanwhile, Genêt's privateers were capturing British ships, and his militia was preparing to move against the Spanish. Genêt continued to defy the wishes of the United States government, capturing British ships and rearming them as privateers. Washington sent Genêt an 8,000-word letter of complaint on Jefferson's and Hamilton's advice – one of the few situations in which the Federalist Alexander Hamilton and the Democratic-Republican Jefferson agreed. Genêt replied obstinately.
The Jacobins, having taken power in France by January 1794, sent an arrest notice which asked Genêt to come back to France. Genêt, knowing that he would likely be sent to the guillotine, asked Washington for asylum. It was Hamilton – Genêt's fiercest opponent in the cabinet – who convinced Washington to grant him safe haven in the United States.Genet challenged Washington's authority by threatening to appeal to the American people, and the U.S. government demanded (1793) his recall. Before he could go back to France, his party, the Girondists, had fallen, and his return would have meant the guillotine. Washington therefore refused to allow his extradition. Genet remained in the United States and married the daughter of Governor George Clinton of New York.
Auction Location:
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Taxes:
| Tax | Rate | Desc. |
| CST |
7.5% |
California |
| SST |
8% |
San Diego County |
Buyer's Premiums:
| From (Incl.) | To (Excl.) | Premium |
| 0.00 |
Infinite |
18% |
Additional Fees:
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1. General Terms.
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a. The Auction is by public mail/phone/email/internet/and/or fax. Absentee Bid Closing Date: April 19, 2013 at 5:00 p.m. PST. Absentee Bids will be executed over iCollector.com, LiveAuctioneers.com, ArtFact.com and EarlyAmerican.com April 20, 2013, beginning at 9:00 a.m. PST. The Auction is conducted in accordance with the regulations of the State of California and the City of San Diego.
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n. Any Lot returned for Review will be at the sole expense of the Buyer, as well as the return expense should the claim be rejected.
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p. The Auctioneer shall timely announce the Hammer Price for each Lot sold at the Auction.
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r. No Bidder shall have a right to claim any special or consequential damages from EAHA for any reason whatsoever.
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All Bidder(s) in the Auction acknowledge and agree, as a condition to the acceptance of a Bid by the Auctioneer, that:
a. It/he/she duly registered to Bid at the Auction having fully completed and transmitted to EAHA the necessary Auction Bid form(s).
b. The invoice describing a given Lot by number shall include the Merchandise described in the Catalog by the Cataloguer.
4. Prices, Payment and Delivery.
All Bidder(s) in the Auction acknowledge and agree, as a condition to the acceptance of a Bid by the Auctioneer, that:
a. All payment(s) for Merchandise shall be made by check, money order, cashier’s check, bank wire, credit card or in cash (U.S. currency only); Bidder(s) who have not established credit with EAHA must first furnish satisfactory credit references to EAHA and/or deposit at least twenty-five percent (25%) of their total Bid(s) for that Auction, or such other amount(s) as EAHA may, in its sole and absolute discretion, require before such Bid(s) will be accepted; it being understood that deposit(s) submitted will be applied to purchases and any remaining deposit(s) will be refunded upon clearance of funds.
b. A Purchaser’s Premium of eighteen percent (18%) on each individual Lot will be automatically added to all purchase(s) made by successful Bidder(s); purchases made through LiveAuctioneers.com, ArtFact.com or iCollector.com will be charged an additional three percent (3%) Purchaser's Premium; it being understood that EAHA may waive such fee for reacquisition(s) by Consignor(s).
c. A two percent (2%) Purchaser’s Premium Discount will be granted on purchases paid by cash, check or money order.
d. California Sales Tax of 7.5% will be added to California residents; San Diego County residents add 8.0%.
e. Payment shall be due immediately upon receipt of notification and payment is deemed delinquent, and in default if not made in good funds in full within fourteen (14) days of the Auction Date.
f. On cash transaction(s) exceeding Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000), a Treasury Form 8300 must be filed.
g. Lot(s) will not be shipped before all funds are fully received by EAHA.
h. EAHA reserves the right to extend credit and impose periodic charges on any accounts past due.
i. The Bidder agrees to report to EAHA any damage or breakage that occurs to Merchandise in the original Holder and packaging during shipment within 3 days of receipt of package. The original packaging MUST be saved, complete and intact, as required by the insuring company. Failure to meet either of these requirements will release EAHA of any further liability or payment for such damages.
j. Successful Bidder(s) agree to pay reasonable attorney’s fees and costs incurred by EAHA to collect on any past due account(s).
k. Bid(s) will not be accepted from any individual(s) under the age of eighteen (18) years old without a parent or guardian’s written consent and express acceptance of these General Terms and Conditions.
l. If a corporation is the Bidder, the authorized corporate representative must provide EAHA, at the time of registration, with proof in the form of a legal document acceptable to EAHA confirming the representative’s express authority to Bid in the Auction for and on behalf of the corporation.
m. A shipping and handling charge will be added to each invoice to adequately package, ship and fully insure Merchandise. Bidder may request that EAHA increase the insured value of the purchased Merchandise above the successful Bid price for the Merchandise purchased at Auction by making a special arrangements in writing with EAHA, prior to shipment.
n. All Auction Lot Holders are for short term use and should be changed for proper long term storage.
5. Financial Responsibility.
All Bidder(s) in the Auction acknowledge and agree, as a condition to the acceptance of a Bid by the Auctioneer, that:
a. In the event a successful Bidder fails to make payment when due, EAHA reserves the right, in its sole and exclusive discretion, to rescind the sale or to resell the Lot(s) in a commercially reasonable manner (which may include a public or private sale); it being understood that the Bidder agrees to pay for the reasonable cost of such a sale, together with any incidental costs of sale, attorney’s fees and costs, costs of the Cataloguer and any other reasonable charge(s).
b. EAHA shall have the right to offset any sums due to EAHA, and to make such offset(s) from any past, current, or future consignment(s), or purchase(s) that are in the possession or control of EAHA.
c. EAHA shall automatically have a security interest to secure any indebtedness due by a successful Bidder(s); it being understood that the Bidder consents to granting EAHA the right to file a Uniform Commercial Code “Financing Statement” to secure EAHA’s financial interest.
d. If a given invoice submitted to the successful Bidder by EAHA is not paid for in full when due per the invoice terms, the unpaid balance shall accrue penalty interest at the rate of one-and-one-half percent (1-1/2%) per month until fully paid; it being understood that in such event the penalty interest rate shall exceed the interest permitted by law.
e. Bidder agrees to pay all reasonable attorney’s fees, court costs and collection costs incurred by EAHA in attempting to collect past due invoice(s).
f. If the successful Bidder for a given Lot(s) consists of one or more person(s) or entit(ies), each shall be jointly and severally liable to EAHA for any payment(s) due for Merchandise purchased.
6. Guarantees of Authenticity.
Unless otherwise indicated in the Catalog, the Merchandise offered for sale at the Auction shall be guaranteed by EAHA to be authentic and as described in the Catalog; it being understood that SUCH GUARANTEE SHALL BE VALID FOR A PERIOD OF THIRTY (30) CALENDAR DAYS ONLY FOLLOWING the Auction Date; it being further understood that after thirty (30) calendar days, no purchased Merchandise can be returned by a successful Bidder(s) under any circumstances; it being further understood that this limited guarantee is extended only to the original Purchaser of record, and to be effective requires the timely presentation of the original sales invoice as well as verification that the item of Merchandise is in the same exact condition as when originally sold. After thirty (30) calendar days, should any claim regarding authenticity of the Merchandise arise, at the sole discretion of EAHA, EAHA may elect to assign any rights it has against the original Consignor it may hold. It being understood and agreed that such an assignment, if granted by EAHA, shall not be considered an obligation and EAHA shall be completely removed from any further involvement or responsibility.
7. Descriptions and Grading.
a. Bidder(s) acknowledge that all gradings of coin Merchandise sold in the Auction have been determined by independent grading services, and/or by EAHA; it being understood that the successful Bidder(s) acknowledge that the grading of rare coin(s) and currency is subjective and accordingly may differ among independent grading services and among expert numismatists, and that such grading may have a material effect on the ultimate Auction value of the coin Merchandise.
b. EAHA shall not be responsible for the grade(s) assigned by independent grading services, and makes no warranty or representation regarding such grade(s). All third party graded lots are sold “AS IS” and are not returnable.
c. Lot description(s) are based solely upon an examination of the coin(s), and are not intended to describe in detail any perceived special characteristics; it being understood that Bidder(s) acknowledge that coin grading and perception(s) are inherently subjective.
d. EAHA does not warrant the accuracy of the description(s) and the photograph(s) contained in the Catalog, and that the Bidder acknowledges and agrees that the actual Merchandise offered for sale may vary in size and/or scale from any photograph(s) and/or description of the Lot in the Catalog.
e. There can be no claim that any verbal description of the Merchandise, provided by EAHA or any employee, varies and/or alters the description contained in the Catalog.
8. Disclaimer and Warranties.
All Bidders in the Auction acknowledge and agree, as a condition to the acceptance of a Bid by the Auctioneer, that:
NO WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE IS MADE OR IMPLIED ON ANY LOT IN THE CATALOG, AND NO WARRANTY, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IS MADE WITH RESPECT TO ANY LOT EXCEPT FOR A WARRANTY OF TITLE; IT BEING UNDERSTOOD THAT ALL LOTS OFFERED FOR SALE ARE SOLD ON AN “AS IS” BASIS AND THAT THE PURCHASER CONSEQUENTLY ASSUMES ALL RISKS CONCERNING AND RELATED TO THE GRADING, QUALITY, DESCRIPTION, CONDITION, AUTHENTICITY, AND PROVENANCE OF A GIVEN LOT.
9. Waiver and Release.
All Bidders in the Auction acknowledge and agree, as a condition to the acceptance of a Bid by the Auctioneer, that:
BIDDER EXPRESSLY WAIVES AND RELEASES, AND FOREVER DISCHARGES EAHA FROM ANY AND ALL CLAIMS, RIGHTS, DEMANDS AND CAUSE(S) OF ACTIONS AND SUIT(S), OF WHATEVER KIND OR NATURE, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, CLAIM(S) BASED UPON AUCTIONEER’S NEGLIGENCE, WHETHER IN LAW OR EQUITY OR WHETHER KNOWN OR UNKNOWN, SUSPECTED OR UNSUSPECTED, WHICH BIDDER MAY CLAIM TO HAVE WITH RESPECT TO AND/OR ARISING OUT OF, OR IN CONNECTION WITH ANY CHALLENGE TO ANY MERCHANDISE PURCHASED AT THE AUCTION, THE AUCTION PROCEDURES, OR THE PURCHASE OF ANY LOT(S); IT BEING THE INTENTION THAT THIS WAIVER AND RELEASE SHALL BE EFFECTIVE AS A BAR TO EACH AND EVERY CLAIM, DEMAND, CAUSE OF ACTION AND/OR SUIT OR CONTROVERSY THAT MAY ARISE HEREUNDER OR BE RELATED TO THE AUCTION
ALL BIDDER(S) BY SUBMITTING A BID IN THE AUCTION KNOWINGLY AND VOLUNTARILY WAIVE ANY AND ALL RIGHTS AND BENEFITS OTHERWISE CONFERRED UPON THE BIDDER BY LAW OR BY THE PROVISION(S) OF SECTION 1542 OF THE CALIFORNIA CIVIL CODE, WHICH READS IN FULL AS FOLLOWS:
“A GENERAL RELEASE DOES NOT EXTEND TO CLAIMS WHICH THE CREDITOR DOES NOT KNOW OR SUSPECT TO EXIST IN HIS FAVOR AT THE TIME OF EXECUTING THE RELEASE, WHICH IF KNOWN BY HIM MUST HAVE MATERIALLY AFFECTED HIS SETTLEMENT WITH THE DEBTOR.”
10. Disputes.
All Bidders in the Auction acknowledge and agree, as a condition to the acceptance of a Bid by the Auctioneer, that:
a. If a dispute arises concerning ownership of a given Lot that has been Bid upon or concerning proceeds of any sale, EAHA reserves the right to commence a statutory Inter-Pleader or similar proceeding at the expense of the Consignor and successful Bidder and any other applicable party, and in such event shall be entitled to its reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs.
b. Neither EAHA nor any affiliated or related company shall be responsible for incidental or consequential damages arising out of any failure of these General Terms and Conditions, the Auction or the conduct thereof and in no event shall such liability exceed the Purchase Price, premium, or fees paid.
c. If the Bidder fails to comply with one or more of these General Terms and Conditions, then, in addition to all other remedies which it may have at law or in equity, EAHA may at its sole option either rescind the sale, retaining all payments made by Bidder as liquidated damages; it being recognized that actual damages may be speculative or difficult to compute, or sell a portion or all of the Lot(s) held by EAHA, in a quantity sufficient in the opinion of EAHA to satisfy the indebtedness, plus all accrued charges, and EAHA may sell such portion at an Auction or private sale conducted by EAHA and charge a seller’s commission that is commercially reasonable. More than one such sale may take place at the option of EAHA. Notice of the sale shall be by U.S.P.S. Mail, Return Receipt Requested to the address utilized on the Bid Sheet, Auction Consignment and Security Agreement or other last known address by EAHA. The proceeds shall be applied first to the satisfaction of any damages occasioned by Bidder’s breach, then to any other indebtedness owed to EAHA, including without limitation, commissions, handling charges, the expenses of both sales, reasonable attorneys’ fees, costs, collection agency fees and costs and any other costs or expenses incurred.
d. It/he/she shall be liable to EAHA if the proceeds of such sale(s) insufficient to cover the indebtedness.
e. The rights granted to the Bidder(s) under the within General Terms and Conditions are personal and apply only to the Bidder(s) who initially purchase the Lot(s) at the Auction, and no rights may be assigned or transferred to any other person or entity, and any attempt to assign or transfer any such rights shall be absolutely void and unenforceable.
f. Any dispute arising out of or related to these General Terms and Conditions, the Auction or any Lot, with the sole exception of actions by EAHA to collect the purchase price and other damages, shall be submitted to binding Arbitration with the venue of all hearings to be in San Diego and pursuant to the rules of the American Arbitration Association and/or the Professional Numismatics Guild (“PNG”) at”EAHA’s exclusive option.
11. Miscellaneous Terms.
All Bidders in the Auction acknowledge and agree, as a condition to the acceptance of a Bid by the Auctioneer, that:
a. These General Terms and Conditions and the Auction shall be construed and enforced in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of California, regardless of the location of the Auction.
b. These General Terms and Conditions, and the information on EAHA’s website, constitute the entire Agreement between EAHA and the Bidder(s) and supersede all other agreements, understandings, warranties and representations of and concerning the Auction and subject matter hereof.
c. EAHA will not be responsible for damage due to irradiation by the U.S. Post Office.
d. If any part of these General Terms and Conditions, or any term or provision of any part is held to be invalid, void, or unenforceable by any court of competent jurisdiction, the remaining portion(s) shall remain and be in full force and effect.
12. Definitions
a. The term “Absentee Bid” shall mean all Bids placed via mail, phone, fax, email and website.
b. The term “Auction” shall mean an auction authorized and conducted under the auspices of “EAHA” and under these General Terms and Conditions.
c. The term “Auction Date” shall mean the date the Auction is conducted.
d. The term “Auctioneer” shall mean an individual(s) duly licensed and designated by “EAHA” to conduct the Auction.
e. The term “Bid” shall mean a bona fide Bid made by a “Bidder” which is officially acknowledged and accepted by the Auctioneer at the Auction on the Auction Date.
f. The term “Bidder” shall mean an individual or entity that submits a legally binding and bona fide Bid to the Auctioneer at the Auction.
g. The term “Catalog” shall mean the official publication issued by EAHA and transmitted to potential Bidder(s) in advance of the Auction.
h. The term “Cataloguer” shall mean the individual(s) that has described the “Lot(s)” contained in the Catalog for the Auction.
i. The term “Consignment Agreement” shall mean the written agreement(s) between “EAHA” and a given “Consignor” available at “EAHA’s” offices.
j. The term “Consignor” shall mean the owner of the “Merchandise” offered for sale by “Lot” at the Auction.
k. The term “Description” shall mean the written remarks describing the features of a Lot combined with the corresponding photograph of said Lot.
l. The term “LiveAuctioneers” shall mean the Internet accessible service provided by Live Auctioneers, LLC of New York, NY.
The term “iCollector” shall mean the Internet accessible service provided by iCollector Online Auctions Port Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada.
The term “ArtFact” shall mean the Internet accessible service provided by Artfact, LLC., Allston, MA 02134.
m. The term “EAHA” shall mean collectively Early American History Auctions, Inc. and/or any subsidiary or affiliated entity and/or Officer(s), Director(s) and/or employee(s) of EAHA.
n. The term “Fair Market Value” shall mean the sale price a given Lot is expected by the Cataloguer to realize at the Auction from the Bidder(s).
o. The term “Hammer Price” shall mean the successful Bid in the Auction as determined by the Auctioneer on the Auction Date.
p. The term “Holder” shall mean the original frame, container, case or clear plastic sleeve, labeled with the “Lot” number, in which the “Merchandise” is delivered by the Consignor to the successful Bidder at an Auction.
q. The term “Lot(s)” shall mean the article(s) comprising the Merchandise offered for sale at the Auction.
r. The term “Low Estimate” shall mean the low range of the sale price that a Lot is expected by the Cataloguer to realize at the Auction.
s. The term “Merchandise” shall mean personal property described in the Catalog and offered for sale by Lot at the Auction.
t. The term “Purchaser” shall mean the successful Bidder at the Auction on the Auction Date.
u. The term “Purchaser’s Premium” shall mean the commission that is automatically charged by “EAHA” to each successful Bidder at the Auction in a sum equal to eighteen percent (18%) of the “Hammer Price”.
v. The term “Reserve” is a confidential price below which the Auctioneer will not sell a given Lot, and/or will re-purchase on behalf of the Consignor or EAHA.
w. The term “Settlement Date” shall mean a time forty-five (45) days after the Auction Date.