NOT SOLD (BIDDING OVER), HIGH BID WAS
60.00USD
This item WAS NOT SOLD. Auction date was 2018 Mar 15 @ 11:00UTC-5 : EST/CDT
ABSENTEE-ONLY BIDDING AVAILABLE. HIGHEST BIDS WILL BE TAKEN TO LIVE AUCTION FLOOR.
888 Auctions endeavors to accurately describe the items being sold, but all property offered for sale is strictly as is, where is, and with all faults. All representations or statements made by 888 Auctions and its representatives, or in the catalogue or other publication or report, as to the correctness of description, genuineness, attribution, provenance, or period of the Lot, are statements of opinion only.
The Chinese first emigrated to Cuba in 1847. The intention from the Chinese perspective was they would essentially work in Cuba and earn regular wages. Upon arrival the Chinese found that would end up working as slave labour. There exists documented evidence stating that the existing black and other slaves in Cuba were dying off in large numbers of cholera and other diseases and that Cuba (Spain), as a result, looked elsewhere and to China in particular, to replace these "workers" - who were indeed slaves. The Chinese came, and when they arrived their wages were kept so low - below that of existing slaves - they were forced into working minimum 8 year contracts before then being traded to other slave owners and thereby continue working. They did hard labour principally both on farms and on the Cuban Railroad and on sugar plantations etc., - working as slaves. Original Chinese Macao/Cuban immigration documents are testament to this and some in fact clearly state the Chinese, as part of their contract, are to except wages "BELOW that of slaves and labourers" in Cuba. This was a forced condition in the contract. Ergo, they worked as slave labour. The contracts also directly state that as compensation for low wages that the Chinese would receive other benefits such as medical, food etc., however these benefits were always minimal to force them to keep working at less than minimum wages so they could not leave.
This was obviously a difficult time in Chinese history, not only because they had to work as slave labour,
but it is also important to note the voyage itself to Cuba was precarious. A typical voyage last about 100 days and the Chinese did not just load the ships with just anyone, there would be a doctor aboard etc., a complement of professionals and labourers to no doubt ensure they could establish a proper Chinese colony ("colonos chinos" in the documentation) in Cuba - these people represented the "heart" of China. In the end, no simple working colony was established, - the Chinese worked as slaves.
From ARTÍCULOS DE MEDICINA COLECCION DE ARTÍCULOS DE MEDICINA EL DR. ENRIQUE LOPEZ:
"Todos los años figuran uno ó más indi- / every year there is at least 1 or more
viduos muertos por intoxicación tebaica, / individuals who dies due to opium
de cuyo veneno tanto abusa la raza china / intoxication, the "venom of which is abused so much by the chinese race"
y que indudablemente es además un fac- / and that without a doubt in addition
tor importante en el empobrecimiento del / a factor is how poor the Chinese
organismo, y por lo tanto causa coadjuvan- / became, and as result, this caused
te de muchas enfermedades mortales. " / many deadly illnesses
What is notable about these certificates is the cause of death; many slaves fell victim to “opio tebaico,” otherwise known as an overdose from opium. Those suffering from overdoses often were described as suffering from “caquexia”, a morbid process of wasting away.
The documents for sale in this auction are Chinese Death Certificates for the Chinese who had been slaves and/or who were released from slavery.
These certificates are the same as those found at the Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library at the University of Toronto and are crucial to providing further insight into the Chinese experience in Cuba, a heretofore under-researched area of studies.
Auction Location:
15-280 West Beaver Creek Road, Richmond Hill, Ontario, L4B 3Z1, Canada
Previewing Details:
Monday, December 04: 11AM-6PM
Tuesday, December 05: 11AM-6PM
Wednesday, December 06: 11AM-6PM
Thursday, December 07: 11AM-1PM
Contact us at support@888auctions.com for specific item inquiries.
Canada - 13% HST applies
Outside of Canada - No tax
Buyer's Premiums:
| From (Incl.) | To (Excl.) | Premium |
| 0.00 |
Infinite |
20% |
Additional Fees:
Shipping Details:
Prior to all packing and shipping, the 888 Auctions must receive payment in full for all items and a signed and completed Authorized Shipping Release Form. 888 Auctions can provide packing and shipping services at the Buyer's expense.
Payment Details:
Payment
All items purchased in person must be paid for within 5 days. 888 Auctions will contact and send an invoice to all winning bidders via e-mail at the completion of the auction. If a buyer fails to contact 888 Auctions within five (5) business days following the sale, the credit card used to secure the bid will be charged the amount of the invoice. 888 Auctions accept the following forms of payment: BANK DRAFT, CERTIFIED CHEQUE, AND WIRE TRANSFER. If paying by international certified check, 888 Auctions reserves the right to hold the item(s) until the check has cleared. In addition, invoices under $2000 may be paid for with a properly authorized Visa or MasterCard. Please note we do not accept Paypal under any circumstances.
Accepted Payment Methods:
- VISA
- Master Card
- AMEX
- Discover
- Money Order/Bank Draft
- Check/Cheque
- COD (cash on delivery)
- See Payment Details
- Wire Transfer
888 AUCTIONS TERMS & CONDITIONS OF SALE
ABSENTEE-ONLY BIDDING AVAILABLE. HIGHEST BIDS WILL BE TAKEN TO LIVE AUCTION FLOOR.
Auction is in US Dollars. All items are available for examination and inspection prior to sale. Prospective bidders are encouraged to examine all items in which they have an interest. All bidders are to carry out their due diligence of all items prior to the sale and not after the sale. 888 Auctions endeavors to accurately describe the items being sold, but all property offered for sale is strictly as is, where is, and with all faults. ALL SALES ARE FINAL WITH NO REFUND, NO EXCHANGE, and NO CREDIT. It is the bidder's responsibility to determine the exact condition/authenticity of each item. No statement in this catalogue or by representatives of 888 Auctions shall be considered as a warranty or assumption of liability. Written and oral descriptions given by 888 Auctions staff members are given as a courtesy to a client, are only an opinion, and should not be considered as a guarantee of age, composition, or authenticity. Regarding works of Art, 888 Auctions does not make any express or implied warranty as to the authenticity, history or artist. No statement in this catalog or elsewhere, orally or in writing, shall be construed as an express or implied warranty, representation or assumption of liability as to authenticity. Any such warranty is waived. The absence of a condition statement does not imply that the lot is in perfect condition or completely free from wear and tear or imperfections. Unless noted all items have some amount of acceptable wear, scratches, nicks, missing stitches, etc. for their age. Measurements on paintings and pictures are image size. Estimates are of market value and are designed to help buyers gauge what sort of sum might be involved for the purchase of a particular lot. The lower estimate may represent the reserve price and certainly will not be below it. Estimates do not include the Buyer's Premium. Estimates are prepared some time before the sale and may be altered by announcement before the sale. They are in no sense definitive. By bidding, you signify that you have either closely examined the items, have chosen not to examine them, or have hired an independent agent to examine the item(s) for you.
Terms
All sales are subject to 888 Auctions' Terms and Conditions of Sale. Bidding is available by live in-house bidding and absentee. A 20% buyer's premium is added to the hammer price of each lot. PAYMENT BY, BANK DRAFT, CERTIFIED CHEQUE OR WIRE TRANSFER ONLY. The auctioneer and 888 Auctions shall have the right to withdraw any item at any time for any reason and to default any sale in the event of an error or dispute. The auctioneer will also have full discretion to reopen the bidding, cancel the sale or re-offer and resell the property. Should a dispute arise after the auction, our sale record is conclusive.
Absentee Bids
Arrangements for absentee bidding can be made by completing and submitting the Absentee Bid Form by 5:00 pm the day prior to sale day. This form can be obtained by emailing or calling our office. All bids must be secured with a credit card number. All absentee bids will be executed in a fair, competitive and confidential manner. While every effort is made to execute and honour absentee bids, 888 Auctions is not responsible for failure to execute a bid and is not liable for any losses incurred as a result of failure to execute absentee bids. In case of identical bids, the first bid received will take precedence. Where appropriate, written bids will be rounded down to the nearest amount consistent with the auctioneer's bidding increments.
Live Internet Bidding
Live internet bidding is available during the auction. 888 Auctions cannot be held liable for live internet bids that are not sent, received, or executed by the administrator. If you are bidding live on-line, please bid quickly because there is a time delay in receiving these live bids.
Payment
All items purchased in person must be paid for within 5 days. 888 Auctions will contact and send an invoice to all winning bidders via e-mail at the completion of the auction. If a buyer fails to contact 888 Auctions within five (5) business days following the sale, the credit card used to secure the bid will be charged the amount of the invoice. 888 Auctions accept the following forms of payment: BANK DRAFT, CERTIFIED CHEQUE, AND WIRE TRANSFER. If paying by international certified check, 888 Auctions reserves the right to hold the item(s) until the check has cleared. In addition, invoices under $2000 may be paid for with a properly authorized Visa or MasterCard. Please note we do not accept Paypal under any circumstances.
Ownership
Item ownership is conveyed immediately following the fall of the auctioneer's hammer. While we try to handle and store all items with great care, 888 Auctions will have no liability for any loss or damage to an item after the hammer has fallen. Bad checks or non-payment of purchases will be prosecuted by 888 Auctions to the fullest extent permissible by law and the names of offenders will be announced to the public and to other auction firms. Buyer pays actual shipping costs, plus handling charges and agrees purchases will be removed within five (5) days of sale. The auction house items may be resold if terms for removal are not met. A minimum storage fee of $5 per day, not to exceed $20 per month will be charged to buyers & consignors for items left at our gallery. As the winning bidder, it is the responsibility of the buyer to arrange and pay for pick-up, packing, and shipping of all items. The buyer must contact a company (e.g. UPS Freight, FedEx Freight) to pick up the item(s) from 888 Auctions, pack the item(s), and ship the item(s) to the buyer. For more information, please email donnie@888auctions.com. We will not ship any items on behalf of any winning bidder and will not release your item to a shipper without written instructions from you.
Import and Export Regulations Regarding Endangered Species
Some items in our auctions require special permits in order to leave the country, either due to their value and cultural significance, or because they contain parts from species protected under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), for example rhinoceros horn, whalebone, tortoiseshell or ivory. If you have any questions about whether a lot may require a permit in order to be shipped to you, we recommend that you discuss the matter with a local customs broker. 888 Auctions can provide assistance in acquiring the necessary permits; however due to the process involving multiple levels of government, please be prepared to face added delays and costs incurred in the shipment of your lots. It is the sole responsibility of the buyer to ensure that the property is properly imported into the buyer's country. If you participate in the auction and as a result, purchase property that you plan to ship to another country, you agree that you are responsible for familiarizing yourself with and complying with any and all applicable import rules and regulations.
The company make no representation or warranty and accepts no liability whatsoever to the seller, the buyer, or any third party in respect of the availability or issuance of valid import and export permits or the existence or exercise of pre-emption or other rights to purchase by governmental or regulatory authorities anywhere.
Any and all of the conditions may be waived or modified in the sole discretion of 888 Auctions.
01.13