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2537

Congressional Medal for the Conquest of Yellow Fever

Currency:USD Category:Coins & Paper Money Start Price:10.00 USD Estimated At:0.00 USD
Congressional Medal for the Conquest of Yellow Fever
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<td align="center"><font class="title1">Congressional Medal for the Conquest of Yellow Fever</font></td>
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<span class="med" style="line-height:20px">Product Code: 199377</span>




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<b>Congressional Medal for the Conquest of Yellow Fever.</b> A HIGHLY IMPORTANT CONGRESSIONAL GOLD MEDAL FOR THE CONQUEST OF YELLOW FEVER:

CONQUEST OF YELLOW FEVER around; Hygeia standing holding caduceus in her right hand; her left resting on the shoulder of a soldier, who holds a shield and spear piercing the body of a dragon below, reverse, THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES - ACT OF FEBRUARY 28 1929, around; within (in eight lines): AWARDED TO | EDWARD WEATHERWALKS [on tablet] | IN RECOGNITION OF | THE HIGH PUBLIC SERVICE OF | MAJOR WALTER REED USA |AND ASSOCIATES WHO GAVE| TO MAN CONTROL OF| YELLOW FEVER.

Diameter: 2.5 inches, or approximately. 63.5 mm
Gross weight: 194 grams, or approximately. 6.24 troy ounces

Together with the original leather presentation case with the recipient's name gold stamped on the lid (Copies of Weatherwalks' pension file, including much correspondence and a copy of discharge accompanies the lot.)

Posthumously awarded in 1929 to Edward Weatherwalks "in special recognition of [his] high public service rendered and disabilities contracted in the interest of humanity and science as [a] voluntary subject[s] for the experimentations during the yellow fever experimentations in Cuba" [Congressional Act No. 858 (H.R. 13060) February 28, 1929].

YELLOW FEVER AND WALTER REED'S EXPERIMENTS:

Yellow fever plagued South, Central American, and Caribbean seaports from seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries; nor was the United States immune: In 1793, an epidemic hit Philadelphia and the capital. The government, including Washington and Jefferson, fled while ten percent of the population perished.

The earliest French efforts to build the Panama Canal failed largely as a result of yellow fever epidemics, and Panama became known as "the white man's grave." In the late nineteenth century, Dr. Carlos Juan Finlay, had been experimenting with cures for yellow fever and was sure that the disease was transmitted by a mosquito, but was unable to prove it.

WALTER REED AND THE YELLOW FEVER COMMISSION

Walter Reed was born in Virginia in 1851, graduated from the University of Virginia, and received his medical degree before he was 18. He entered the U.S. Army Medical Department as Assistant Surgeon in 1875. In 1890, he began studying bacteriology and soon became known as one of the leading bacteriologists in the country. In 1898, Major Reed was appointed chairman of a board to determine the cause of outbreaks of typhoid fever in camps where troops were assembled for the Spanish American War, subsequently proving the disease was spread largely by contact and not just by contaminated water.




In 1900, when yellow fever was devastating the United States occupation troops in Cuba, Reed was appointed head of a board to study the cause. Major Reed and his staff began conducting experiments on human volunteers, most of who were members of the 7th Cavalry's Hospital Corps occupation troops. These experiments, the thought of which bring chills to us today, consisted of drawing blood from infected individuals and injecting it into volunteers; having others sleep for weeks in the soiled bedding and clothing of yellow fever victims; while yet others submitted to being bitten by mosquitoes which had previously bitten infected patients, or were suspected of having infecting other patients.



The results of the experiments proved that the disease was transmitted by mosquito, and not a result of poor sanitation. The Army promptly destroyed much of the mosquito population and quickly brought the disease under control. As a result of the near eradication of yellow fever, the construction of the Panama Canal was successfully begun in 1904.



A DEBT TO WALTER REED AND THE VOLUNTEERS:



Theodore Roosevelt was keenly aware of the great service the Reed Commission and its volunteers (no less than eight of whom died during the experimentation). In 1906, as President, he forwarded to the Senate and House of Representatives a report on the experiments and wrote that it was his "earnest hope that [Congress] will take suitable action in the matter. Major Reed's part in the experiments which resulted in teaching us how to cope with yellow fever was such to render mankind his debtor, and this nation should in some proper fashion bear witness to this fact."



But Congress's acknowledgment was slow in coming and it was not until 1929, that the Congressional Medal honoring Reed, his staff, and the volunteers was authorized (twenty-two were struck, and an additional two were later authorized). The recipients also had their names published annually in the Army Register roll of honor, and were granted a generous monthly pension of .



THE CONTRIBUTION OF EDWARD WEATHERWALKS:



Edward Weatherwalks, was one of those men who put his life on the line in the cause of determining the killer fever. He was born in New Jersey, in 1874.



He enlisted in the Army on December 13, 1898 for three years, and was sent to Cuba with the 7th Army occupation forces. He volunteered to participate in Major Reed's yellow fever experiments while serving in the Hospital Corps. According to the annual Army Register:



"Edward Weatherwalks, Private, Hospital Corps, Enlisted for the Spanish War and came to Cuba with the VII Army Corps. He volunteered for the experiments at Camp Lazear and underwent the trying ordeal of sleeping 21 nights, December 21, 1900 to January 10, 1901, on bedding which had been used by yellow fever patients. He wore at night the soiled garments of the sick. As this experiment, like the other exposures to infected clothing, had no result, Weatherwalks was bitten on January 25, 1901 by 12 infected mosquitoes, but somehow escaped infection."



Weatherwalks was subsequently discharged at Columbia Barracks, Cuba in December 1901, and died in 1916.



PROVENANCE:



Lucy Weatherwalks, his widow, ( with the pension of ), along with the posthumous receipt of the Gold Medal. Lucy Weatherwalks died on February 27, 1952, thence by family descent to the consignor.




CONCLUSION:



The earliest recipients of the Congressional Gold medal included a small number our Founding Fathers (including George Washington), and it has been only sparingly awarded over the centuries. The battle against Yellow Fever is one of the most evocative stories of the early twentieth century, and this token of thanks given to Edward Weatherwalks by the American Congress (and by extension the American people), is not only of great rarity, but a reminder of one American's selfless bravery.


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serving the coin-buying public on February 3, 1986. The firm is
responsible for dramatic improvements throughout the rare coin industry
which have forever changed the way rare coins are bought and sold.
In addition to standardized grading. PCGS offered a cash-backed
grading guarantee, problem-free coins, safe long-term storage, and
sight-unseen trading. Together, these elements have created unprecedented
public support for the rare coin industry. Since 1986, <b>PCGS has
graded over 9 million coins with a cumulative declared value of
over 16 billion dollars.</b>



<b>NGC</b>

in 1987, hundreds of thousands of coins are submitted
to NGC each year by collectors and dealers who have confidence in
our ability and integrity as a third-party grading service. Thier
grading process involves numerous steps within several specialized
departments. Each step is performed with the goal of accurately
and safely grading and then sonically sealing coins in NGC holders.






<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3" width="275" border="0" align=center>
<tbody>

<tr>
<td class="tableHead" bgcolor="#AE8137" colspan="3" align=center><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2" color=#FFFFFF><b>Grading Levels</b></font> </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td class=med width="40">MS
</td>
<td class=med width="115">60-70
</td>
<td class=med width="145">Uncirculated
</td>
</tr>
<tr bgcolor="#F1F0E8">
<td class=med>AU
</td>

<td class=med nowrap>50,
53, 55, 58 </td>
<td class=med>About
Uncirculated </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class=med>XF
</td>
<td class=med>40,
45 </td>
<td class=med>Extremely
Fine </td>

</tr>
<tr bgcolor="#F1F0E8">
<td class=med>VF
</td>
<td class=med>20,
25, 30, 35 </td>
<td class=med>Very
Fine </td>
</tr>
<tr>

<td class=med>F
</td>
<td class=med>12,
15 </td>
<td class=med>Fine
</td>
</tr>
<tr bgcolor="#F1F0E8">
<td class=med>VG
</td>
<td class=med>8,
10 </td>

<td class=med>Very
Good </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class=med>G
</td>
<td class=med>4,
6 </td>
<td class=med>Good
</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#F1F0E8">
<td class=med>AG
</td>
<td class=med>3
</td>
<td class=med>About
Good </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class=med>FR
</td>

<td class=med>2
</td>
<td class=med>Fair
</td>
</tr>
<tr bgcolor="#F1F0E8">
<td class=med>PR
</td>
<td class=med>1
</td>
<td class=med>Poor
</td>

</tr>
</tbody>
</table>



<span class=med><font color=#666666>
In some cases the
coin pictured is not the same as the coin delivered.
It is always the same grade, service and value.
Any statements made about condition, grading service
or grade is always accurate. If we deliver any coin
not as described you may return for a full refund.
If you have questions about a particular coin pictured
please email or call. This policy is meant as a
way to process a large volume of certified graded
coins efficiently.
</font>
</span>






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