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2 Diaries 42nd Ohio Infantryman re Vicksburg & Mobile

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2 Diaries 42nd Ohio Infantryman re Vicksburg & Mobile
Pair of diaries from 1863 and 1865 by Harrison S. Sours of the 42nd (Co. B), and 96th (Co. E), Ohio Infantries, with a dizzying amount of battle content, especially in the 1863 diary. Sours acted as Orderly in the 42nd Ohio, with his diaries reflecting a disciplined, no-nonsense soldier reporting on battles, troop movements, picket duty, marches, etc. Sours begins 1863 as he would many days that year, writing on 1 January, ''Retreated from the battlefield'', referring to the Battle of Chickasaw Bayou, which he covered in the last few days from 1862 as well. In late December 1862 he writes, ''run up the Yazoo River for 10 miles and landed the 28 skirmishing the same day attacked the enemy on the 28 heavy fighting on the 29th fighting on the 30th''. From 10-16 January 1863, the Battle of Arkansas Post is documented by Sours, ''Landed for battle some firing done...Took the fort, took 8 Reg 600 miles 2 batteries and other musters and a lot of cattle 7 or 8 reg of rebels...Took one regiment of rebels...Pitched tents on battleground...Weather cold and snowing all day. Captured twelve hundred rebels and a lot of mules...burning the rebels property on the battlefield...''



In late January through February 1863 Sours writes about picket duty, capturing rebel property and the deaths of three soldiers, even documenting their time of death: ''Monday 16 [February] - Jasper N Richards died at 8 o clock pm...Friday 20 - George T Parker died at 5 o clock pm...Monday 23 - S Mood died half past ten am''. Cannoning from Vicksburg is constantly heard, and then ''4 men shot on picket at brig'' before skirmishing begins just before the Battle of Port Gibson. On 21 April he writes, ''our pickets fired into by the rebs wounding one man in the thigh'' and then on the 26th, ''several gunboats run the blockade at Vixburg'' and the 28th, ''the troops took the boats and landed in sight of the rebels, fortification at grand gulfour men fired several guns''.



From 29 April-8 May 1863 Sours writes about the Battle of Port Gibson and its aftermath: ''The blockade at Vixburg attack of grand gulf, 7 gunboats engaged in the fight, engaged some 8 hours 12 men killed and a number wounded, the boats run the blockade in the knight several boys killed...Crossed the Mississippi in the morning marched part of the day and at knight, opened fire at 7 o clock in the morning...The ball was opened at 7 o clock in the morning, a great many killed and wounded, Co B 2 killed and wounded the battle lasted till 5 in the evening...Marched from the battlefield to the Fort cannonading in the afternoon...Marched from the fort g lyon 11 miles first time driving the rebels, Co B out skirmishing...The regiment left camp by daylight and marched 10 miles and fell into line of battle, took a lot of rebel prisoners 2 rebels killed...in the morning took several prisoners...The 42 Reg moved their position into line of battle, the rebs tried to cross the Black river...a nigger regiment came into camp''.



Less than a week later, the Battle of Raymond begins on 13 May 1863, ''Marched 8 miles and stop, ordered out at 11 o clock at knight and marched 5 miles to Raymond and stop, battle of Raymond...Co B as skirmishers, the Reg fell 8 miles and turned to the left, the ball opened...the 42 Reg fell out for a calvary dashed the pickets attacked, Company B out a skirmishing returned to camp...'' The very next day - on 16 May 1863, the Battle of Champion Hill takes place: ''Left camp by daylight the ball opened by 9 o clock, we driving the rebs for miles many lives lost on both sides, advanced 10 miles to Edwards Station at the railroad'', and then the day after that - on 17 May, Sours fights in the Battle of Big Black River Bridge, ''marched to Black Oliver where a tremendous battle took place, drove the rebels across the river, I was detailed for building a bridge by knight across the river''.



The first assault on Vicksburg begins on 18 May, with Sours writing, ''Commenced crossing the river in the morning and advanced toward Vixsburg''. From 19-21 May he writes, ''Left camp in the morning and advanced several miles when another battle took place close to Vixsburg fighting all day and firing all knight...The battle commenced again early in the morning fighting all day, the weather very hot heavy cannonading by knight...The ball opened early in the morning and continued firing by cannon and musketry, cannonading by knight...'' The 2nd assault on Vicksburg takes place from 22-28 May, with Sours documenting each day of fighting: ''Still a fighting, charged towards their forts gained one fort, the rebs retaken the fort again, the loss heavy...shelling the city by knight...Fighting all day and bombarding the city by knight, holding our ground, on picket...Still a fighting, cannonading and musketry firing all day, the weather very hot...Still a fighting the rebels came out with a flag of truce when afterwards the ball was opened again...Fighting all day...we expected the rebs to attempt to break out...Still a fighting, part the regiment on picket at knight...Fighting as usual...''



The 42nd Ohio settles in for the long Siege of Vicksburg, with Sours writing on 30 May, ''Company B and G on picket in the fore part the knight and digging entrenchments in the later part of the knight''. He continues on 31 May, ''Bombarding the enemy very heavy in the morning at 4 o clock''. Beginning 1 June 1863, Sours writes ''Still a seiging the enemy'', and continues writing ''Seiging the enemy'' nearly every day throughout June, with some fighting on the 12th through 16th: ''Heavy firing on both sides...Seiging the enemy took 150 rebs prisoners...Seiging as usual, the rebs opened their fire on us...Sieging as usuel the enemy opened a heave fire on us in the evening''.



On 3 July 1863, Sours writes about the taking of Vicksburg, ''The rebs came out with a flag of truce for the purpose of surrendering, Vicksburg surrendering at knight'', and then on 4 July, ''The troops marched into Vicksburg and took posesion of the City, battle near the yazoo river...'' The 42nd Ohio then marched towards Jackson, Mississippi in the Jackson Expedition, skirmishing along the way, ''skirmishing on the way took a lot of rebel prisoners...We resumed our march some 6 miles of Clinton and fell into line of battle, skirmishing on the way took a lot of prisoners...skirmishing on the way took a lot of prisoners...''



They arrive at Jackson on 10 July to settle in for the Siege of Jackson, before taking the city on 16 July. Sours writes during this time, ''Left early in the morning and marched near to Jackson and fell into line of battle, the ball opened early in the morning Co B as skirmishers...The rebs attempt to charge through our lines heavy firing on both sides, Co B as skirmishers our line moved further to the right...Heavy firing on both sides the 42 having 3 men wounded, the weather very hot, took some rebel prisoners...Heavy firing on both sides Co B out skirmishing in the day time and our picket at knight, Capt Potter Co B wounded in the left shoulder...Heavy firing on both sides, the rebs came out with a flag of truce, they tried to drive us back, I was on picket at knight...I returned from picket, heavy firing on both sides...the rebs made 3 charges on our line but were repuls [repulsed] each time, Jackson evacutes...I was off with the train for rations our army took posession of Jackson, captured 400 prisoners in the City and a lot beyond the City...The 2 Brigade returned from destroying the railroad...'' For the rest of 1863 Sours writes about being reviewed by General Grant, sporadic skirmishing with some of the men taken as POWs, and also an election for Ohio Governor in which Clement Vallandigham received only six votes in the whole regiment.



After the 42nd Ohio was mustered out in 1864, Sours transferred into the 96th Ohio Infantry, Co. E, where he saw action during the Mobile Campaign, even fighting to take Mobile after the war officially ended. On 26 March 1865 he writes that the regiment is encamped ''within 8 miles of the Spanish Forts'', and then the next day the Battle of Spanish Fort begins, ''Our line was formed at an early hour and attacked the rebel pickets in the morning and opened fire on the Forts between 10 and 11 o clock, firing kept up all day I was with Co E on the skirmish line all day...'' For 12 consecutive days the fighting continues, with Sours writing from 28 March-8 April, ''Building forty [fortifications] in front of our regiment firing kept up all day...Firing kept up all day...Firing kept up all day the rebels making a point to break our lines at knight...Tremendous assault on the Forts through our line, Co E in front on the skirmish line the rebels tried to storm us out...Ft Spanish Ala, I dug in the skirmish rifle pitt by knight firing was kept up all day...218 rebel prisoners passed our camp on their way to the boat landing...Ft Spanish Alla, Firing kept up all day...I was on the skirmish line tremendous heavy cannonading along our entire line hot work...firing kept up all day I dug in the trenches...I dug in the trenches firing kept up all day...Firing kept up all day...Firing kept up all day I dug in the trenches all knight, the rebels evacuated the Forts, our men took possession of the forts near midknight...''



Not a day's rest was given to the men, as they were tasked with taking Fort Blakely the next day on 9 April 1865, in the Battle of Fort Blakely, ''Left Spanish Ft and marched to Blakely 10 miles distance and was drawn up into line of battle at 5 am and Steeles forces were at the same time charging the Blakely Forts and carried them, we encamped right on our line...'' The next day he writes, ''Blakely Ala, the rebel prisoner were engaged in digging up their torpedoes, one was killed by one...'' Sours ends his service in the war with a final skirmish in the last part of the Mobile campaign, fighting at Whistler's Station on 13 April, three days after Robert E. Lee's surrender: ''Mobile Alabama, We took up the line of march at on early hour in the morning and marched through the City and 7 miles beyond and had a skirmish with the rebels at Whistler Station drove them off and captured the station 65 locomotives and a lot cars I dug in the rifle fitt at knight...''



An impressive set of diaries by a soldier with a strong sense of duty and discipline, with entries recorded in both pencil and ink, nearly every day completed. Each diary measures approximately 3'' x 5'', bound in leather with a flap reading ''Diary 1863'' and ''Diary 1865'' in gilt. Very good condition, with full transcriptions included.